Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

Malignant glial tumors are rare in children. Giant cell variant is a rare subtype of glioblastoma, accounting for about 0. 8% of brain tumors and 5% of glioblastoma tumors. Giant cell glioblastoma is a male predominant tumor in children and adults. Due to the low prevalence of this variant, available information is limited. An 11-year-old female child was referred with a chief complaint of a progressive persistent headache. MRI showed a well-defined cystic lesion with a solid mural component in the right parietal lobe with a compression effect on the ipsilateral ventricular system. Surgery was done. After the pathologist reported glioblastoma multiforme, a giant cell variant, the patient received 30 sessions of radiation therapy. The patient was readmitted 18 months later with a headache, and the pathologist confirmed the recurrence of the tumor. Based on radiology, the giant cell glioblastoma cannot be distinguished from the common subtype glioblastoma. The pathologists must be aware of this entity, and histologic differential diagnoses are warranted for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.

Purpose: According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is a crime that is committed by "respected and high-ranking" people. Studies clearly show that women are under-represented in official statistics related to certain types of organizational white-collar crime. Despite this, what exactly causes such a pattern is worthy of reflection and interpretation. This article aims to analyze the role of gender in committing white collar crimes in Iran and Norway. Method: The research method used in this article is a mixed (combined) exploratory research method with meta-composite and Delphi approaches. Library method was used to collect data. The study population of the research includes all the articles related to the research topic. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search was conducted based on relevant keywords from the Google scholar, Scopus, SID, IRANDOC, etc. databases between 1390 and early 1402. Findings: The findings show that the number of initially extracted codes were 538 codes, which were converted into 241 codes in the next stage and 38 sub-codes in the secondary (central) coding stage, which were converted into 6 codes in the selective coding stage. became the main Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that 6 main categories or themes were extracted for white collar crimes, which are: 1. individual dimension with twelve components; 2. social dimension with four components; 3. economic dimension with two components; 4. organizational dimension with eight components; 5. Political dimension with three components and 6. Laws and regulations dimension with three components

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

In this research, samples were collected from three Iranian native dogs and three wolves. Whole-genome sequencing for each individual was performed using next-generation sequencing technology. All short reads were aligned to the reference genome using BWA tool. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions (Indels) were detected using the genome analysis toolkit (GATK). structural variants were predicted using the BreakDancer software. Annotating single-nucleotide polymorphisms and small insertions and deletions was done using SnpEff Software. Nucleotide diversity values in dogs and wolves samples were calculated using VCFtools. In current researche, 12459651 SNPs were detected that 7819789 and 10454994 were for dog and wolf, respectively. Of the total number of Single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 53. 57%, 31. 989% and 0. 811% were located within intergenic, introns and exon regions. The results showed that structural diversity of wolf genome is higher than that in dog.

Normal variants are commonly seen in Diagnostic Studies across all modalities. One novel variant is reported in this study that has not been described before in the literature‐‐‐Focal Bladder Hot Spot. A focal spot is noted in the bladder during the excretory phase of Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy, that was then correlated with Ultrasonography for any pathology. All the cases show normal outline, thickness of the urinary bladder wall suggesting an anatomical cause rather than pathological cause.